The "-ing " form of any verb can serve as a deverbal noun, although the same word form can also be used verbally as a gerund or participle.
12.
When used as a pure noun or adjective ( i . e . having lost its grammatical verbal character ), the "-ing " form may be called a deverbal noun or deverbal adjective.
13.
However, according to Steeman ( 2011 ), all body parts are masculine, bigger plants are masculine while smaller plants are feminine, machinery nouns new to the Sandawe ( whose names are typically borrowed from Swahili ) are usually feminine, and deverbal nouns representing acts ( nominalizations ) are masculine.
14.
Some "-ing " forms, particularly those such as " boring ", " exciting ", " interesting ", can also serve as deverbal adjectives ( distinguished from the present participle in much the same way as the deverbal noun is distinguished from the gerund ).
