In the 1950s, for example, steam sterilization technologies expanded from disinfestation of potting soil and greenhouse mixes to commercial production of steam rakes and tractor-drawn steam blades for fumigating small acres of cut flowers and other high-value field crops ( Langedijk 1959 ).
12.
"Malaysian fruits cannot be freely exported to markets like the United States, Japan, Australia or New Zealand because strict quarantine regulations in these countries prohibit entry of fresh fruits unless expensive disinfestation treatments are carried out, " he said when opening the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance at the Penang Parkroyal Resort.
