The Edman degradation reaction was automated in 1967 by Edman and Beggs to speed up the process and 100 automated devices were in use worldwide by 1973.
12.
Because the Edman degradation proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N-terminus has been chemically modified ( e . g . by acetylation or formation of Pyroglutamic acid ).
13.
The primary structure was first determined by Yamasaki and Maekawa, who carried out the experiment using the Edman degradation method for N-terminus sequencing and carboxypeptidase A ( Cpase A ) and triazination methods for C-terminus sequencing.
14.
Following Sanger's initial report of the reagent, the dinitrofluorobenzene method was widely adopted for studying proteins, until it was superseded by other reagents for terminal analysis ( e . g ., dansyl chloride and later aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases ) and other general methods for sequence determination ( e . g ., Edman degradation ).
15.
Historically, short protein sequences ( 10 to 15 residues ) determined by Edman degradation were back-translated into DNA sequences that could be used as probes or primers to isolate molecular clones of the corresponding gene or complementary DNA . The sequence of the cloned DNA was then determined and used to deduce the full amino-acid sequence of the protein.
