In Franklin's model, all matter was permeated with very fine pores ( too fine to absorb air or water ) which attracted electric fluid much as a sponge " will naturally attract and absorb " water.
12.
Volta, essentially, objected to Galvani s conclusions about " animal electric fluid ", but the two scientists disagreed respectfully and Volta coined the term " Galvanism " for a direct current of electricity produced by chemical action.
13.
He referred to static electricity as " electric fire ", " electric matter, or " electric fluid . " The term " electric fluid " was based off the idea that a jar could be filled and refilled when it became empty.
14.
He referred to static electricity as " electric fire ", " electric matter, or " electric fluid . " The term " electric fluid " was based off the idea that a jar could be filled and refilled when it became empty.
15.
Galvani's scientific colleagues generally accepted his views, but Alessandro Volta rejected the idea of an " " animal electric fluid, " " replying that the frog's legs responded to differences in metal temper, composition, and bulk.
16.
He encouraged his fellows'to taste life to the full'by throwing themselves with'extreme exuberance'into its'manifold sensations', allowing its joys to'pulse in the passionate blood and burst through the brain'until'body and mind quiver and bound as though interpenetrated by an instantaneous current of electric fluid '.
17.
This was followed by two papers communicated by Sir Bromhead to the Cambridge Philosophical Society : ( 1 ) "'On the Laws of the Equilibrium of Fluids analogous to the Electric Fluid "'( 12 Nov . 1832 ); ( 2 ) "'On the Determination of the Attractions of Ellipsoids of Variable Densities "'( 6 May 1833 ).
18.
His theory posited a single type of charge, and he did attempt to determine the direction of motion of that charge in various triboelectric experiments and he came to the wrong conclusion, deciding-- based on evidence-- that the charge which built up on a piece of glass was due to a surplus of charge carriers ( " electric fire " or " electric fluid " ) and thus called it positive . ( We now know that the charge is due to a deficit of electrons-- the moving charge carriers .)
19.
This plan consists in having plates of Copper folding over each other, let in in the masts & yards & so connected to the water beneath . The principle, from which these advantages are derived, owes its utility, to the fact that the Electric fluid is weakened by being transmitted over a large surface to such an extent that no effects are perceived, even when the mast is struck by the lightning . The Beagle is fitted with conductors on this plan; it is very probable, we shall be the means of trying & I hope proving the utility of its effects ."
20.
In his work " Tentamen Theoria Electricitatis et Magnetism ", published in Saint Petersburg in 1759, he gives the following amplification of Franklin's theory, which in some of its features is measurably in accord with present-day views : " The particles of the electric fluid repel each other, attract and are attracted by the particles of all bodies with a force that decreases in proportion as the distance increases; the electric fluid exists in the pores of bodies; it moves unobstructedly through non-electric ( conductors ), but moves with difficulty in insulators; the manifestations of electricity are due to the unequal distribution of the fluid in a body, or to the approach of bodies unequally charged with the fluid . " Aepinus formulated a corresponding theory of magnetism excepting that, in the case of magnetic phenomena, the fluids only acted on the particles of iron.
