Indeed, clay flocculation occurs at high ionic strength due to the collapse of the clay electrical double layer ( EDL ), which decreases the electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged clay particles.
12.
Surfaces will develop an electrical double layer if they are in a solution containing ions, as is the case with many bodily systems, creating electrostatic repulsive forces between the adhesive and surface.
13.
More specifically, commercial EDLCs in which energy storage predominant is achieved by double-layer capacitance, energy is stored by forming an electrical double layer of electrolyte ions on the surface of conductive electrodes.
14.
When an electric field is applied to the fluid ( usually via electrodes placed at inlets and outlets ), the net charge in the electrical double layer is induced to move by the resulting Coulomb force.
15.
D & H recognize the importance of the parameter in their paper and characterize it as a measure of the thickness of the ion atmosphere, which is an electrical double layer of the Guoy Chapman type.
16.
In pores of nanometer dimensions the electrical double layer may completely span the width of the nanopore, resulting in dramatic changes in the composition of the fluid and the related properties of fluid motion in the structure.
17.
The effects are important at very high electrical field gradients ( 10 8 10 9 V / m ), like those observed in electrical double layers at interfaces or at the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemistry.
18.
Stabilization of foam is caused by van der Waals forces between the molecules in the foam, electrical double layers created by dipolar surfactants, and the Marangoni effect, which acts as a restoring force to the lamellae.
19.
This is particularly important in colloid chemistry or for deionised water, the electrical double layer present at the surface of the particles expands again and the electrical repulsion reappears : the precipitate peptizes and the particles pass again through the filter.
20.
In CEC positive ions of the electrolyte added along with the analyte accumulate in the electrical double layer of the particles of the column packing on application of an electric field they move towards the cathode and drag the liquid mobile phase with them.
