An alternative simpler transformation of the EM field uses the electromagnetic potentials-the electric potential ? and magnetic potential "'A " ':
12.
:: Actually, being bound by an electromagnetic potential in ordinary quantum mechanics is " equivalent " to exchanging virtual photons in quantum field theory.
13.
Electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic potentials Wave function, quarks, quasi-particles, etc, all were at some point considred by some as simple mathematical artifacts.
14.
The Ampere-Gauss definition of the electric current is not sufficient to determine its value because the electromagnetic potential ( from which it was ultimately derived ) has not been given a value.
15.
In the context of special relativity, it is natural to join the magnetic vector potential together with the ( scalar ) electric potential into the electromagnetic potential, also called " four-potential ".
16.
Like the electromagnetic potential "'A "'the Dirac string is not gauge invariant ( it moves around with fixed endpoints under a gauge transformation ) and so is also not directly measurable.
17.
The paper observed that the electromagnetic field is non-linear when expressed in terms of the electromagnetic potentials-- yet Maxwell's equations are linear due to the original modeling of charge and current.
18.
Instead, the usual procedure is to equate the electric current to some expression in terms of other fields, mainly the electron and proton, and then solve for the electromagnetic displacement, electromagnetic field, and electromagnetic potential.
19.
The LP effect can be seen as a result of the requirement that quantum physics be invariant with respect to the gauge choice for the electromagnetic potential, of which the magnetic vector potential "'A "'forms part.
20.
The magnetic Aharonov Bohm effect can be seen as a result of the requirement that quantum physics be invariant with respect to the gauge choice for the electromagnetic potential, of which the magnetic vector potential "'A "'forms part.
