This specifies a point on the Bloch sphere, where antipodal points represent left and right circular polarization, the equator between them represents linear polarizations in various directions, and intermediate points are elliptical polarizations.
12.
However, unpolarized light ( such as the light from an incandescent light bulb ) is different from any state like \ alpha | R \ rangle + \ beta | L \ rangle ( linear, circular, or elliptical polarization ).
13.
In such a material, which is also called "'gyrotropic "'or "'gyromagnetic "', left-and right-rotating elliptical polarizations can propagate at different speeds, leading to a number of important phenomena.
14.
He studied physics at the Universities of Leipzig, obtaining his doctorate in 1872 with the thesis " " �ber die elliptische Polarisation und ihre Beziehung zu den Oberfl�chenfarben der K�rper " ( On the elliptical polarization of light and its relation to surface color ).
15.
The polarization of any point not equal to | R \ rangle or | L \ rangle and not on the circle that passes through | H \ rangle, | D \ rangle, | V \ rangle, | A \ rangle is known as elliptical polarization.
16.
Polarized light includes the two extremes of linear polarization ( where the electric field is fixed in direction but oscillates in magnitude ) and circular polarization ( where the field is fixed in magnitude but spins in direction ), and all the cases of elliptical polarization in between.
17.
Looking over circular polarization, elliptical polarization, sinusoidal plane-wave solutions of the electromagnetic wave equation etc ., there's always a sense that two independent parameters of the photon's polarization can vary while a third is zero, but I don't really understand it.
18.
In all other cases, where the two components either do not have the same amplitudes and / or their phase difference is neither zero nor a multiple of 90? the polarization is called elliptical polarization because the electric vector traces out an ellipse in the plane ( the " polarization ellipse " ).
19.
On April 10, 2012, Shaw Media applied for permission to change CIII-DT-6's allocation from VHF channel 6 to UHF channel 14, switching from circular to elliptical polarization, citing the VHF-Low band's impulse noise ( compared to the VHF-High and UHF bands ) causing reception issues, which would be mostly resolved with a higher frequency.
20.
Such a polarization controller can for example be obtained by placing on the optical path three rotatable waveplates in cascade : a first quarterwave plate, which is oriented to transform the incident elliptical polarization into linear polarization, a halfwave plate, which transforms this linear polarization into another linear polarization, and a second quarterwave plate, which transforms the other linear polarization into the desired elliptical output polarization.
