Its systematic use in philosophy is considered to have begun in early 20th-century meta-ethics and emergentism.
12.
Moreover, this goes against the spirit of emergentism in any case : emergents are supposed to make distinctive and novel causal contributions.
13.
Supervenience physicalism has been seen as a strong version of emergentism, in which the subject's psychological experience is considered genuinely novel.
14.
Emergentism compatible with dualism claims that mental states and physical states are metaphysically distinct while maintaining the supervenience of mental states on physical states.
15.
His thesis subject was " Reductionism and Emergentism in the Hypercycle Theory " ( Reduccionismo y emergentismo en la teor�a del hiperciclo ).
16.
One problem for emergentism is the idea of " causal closure " in the world that does not allow for a mind-to-body causation.
17.
In addition, Hoyningen-Huene is interested in the limits of reductionism in science, emergentism and the development of a theory of anti-reductionist arguments.
18.
Non-reductive physicalism, on the other side, is a weak version of emergentism because it does not need that the subject's psychological experience be novel.
19.
Some forms of emergentism appear either incompatible with physicalism or equivalent to it ( e . g . posteriori physicalism ), others appear to merge both dualism and supervenience.
20.
This reductionist understanding is very different from emergentism, which intends that what emerges in " emergence " is more than the sum of the processes from which it emerges.
