Around the vascular tissue there might have been an endodermis that regulated the flow of water into and out of the vascular system.
12.
Water can only pass through the endodermis by crossing the membrane of endodermal cells twice ( once to enter and a second time to exit ).
13.
In many seedless vascular plants, the endodermis is a distinctly visible layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder ( stele ) in roots and shoots.
14.
Before a baby was breast-fed, he / she was given a decoction of the endodermis of alder and the roots of butterburs to discharge impurities.
15.
Water moving into or out of the xylem, which is part of the apoplast, can thereby be regulated since it must enter the symplast in the endodermis.
16.
For the most part, however, old roots seal themselves off at the endodermis, and only serve as a passageway for water and minerals taken up by younger roots " downstream ".
17.
If the endodermis is likened to a brick cylinder ( e . g . a smokestack ), with the bricks representing individual cells, the Casparian strips are analogous to the mortar between the bricks.
18.
The cells of the endodermis typically have their primary cell walls thickened on four sides radial and transverse with suberin, a water-impermeable waxy substance which in young endodermal cells is deposited in distinctive bands called Casparian strips.
19.
The silicon uptake systems, Lsi1 ( TC # 1 . A . 8.12.2 ), and Lsi2 are expressed in roots, on the plasma membranes of cells in both the exodermis and the endodermis.
20.
Other than this, white bubble rice cakes made with red bean paste called " Santteok ", " Goritteok " made from glutinous rice, pine endodermis and mugwort, and " Ssuktteok " made from glutinous rice and mugwort leaves are eaten this day.
