Though often seen as static, isolated'powerhouses'hijacked for cellular metabolism through an ancient endosymbiotic event, the evolution of the MAM underscores the extent to which mitochondria have been integrated into overall cellular physiology, with intimate physical and functional coupling to the endomembrane system.
12.
The spitzenk�rper is a component of the endomembrane system found only in fungi, and is associated with phase-dark body that is composed of an aggregation of membrane-bound vesicles containing cell wall components, serving as a point of assemblage and release of such components intermediate between the Golgi and the cell membrane.
13.
The fundamental ultrastructural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes was shown by the electron microscopy in the second half of 20th century : notably the absence of nuclei, mitochondria, an endomembrane system and internal cytoskeleton in all prokaryotes and their universal presence in eukaryotes, coupled with the totally different ultrastructure of bacterial flagella and the unrelated eukaryotic cilia / flagella and basic differences in chromosome organization and cell division machinery.
