The difference between a mutualistic endophyte and a pathogenic one can be indistinct and dependent on interactions with other species or environmental conditions.
12.
"B . megaterium " has been recognized as an endophyte and is a potential agent for the biocontrol of plant diseases.
13.
The endophyte has been identified as the cause of the " fescue toxicosis " syndrome sometimes suffered by livestock that graze the infected grass.
14.
A fescue endophyte, a grass fungus, can create toxic levels of chemicals known to cause similar symptoms, said UK pasture specialist Jimmy Henning.
15.
Although " O . cryptica " is a dominant endophyte with interesting ecological implications, no living isolates of this species have been preserved.
16.
Peramine occurs widely in endophyte-associated grasses and may also act as a signal to invertebrate herbivores of the presence of more dangerous defensive chemicals.
17.
Many secondary metabolites from endophyte-plant interactions have also been isolated and used in raw or derived forms to produce a variety of drugs treating many conditions.
18.
Dark septate endophyte hyphae are much smaller in diameter compared to plant roots which allow them to access soil micropores unavailable to plants to forage for water and nutrients.
19.
Grass varieties, especially of tall fescue and ryegrass, with symbiotic " Epichlo?" endophyte strains, are commercialised and used e . g . for turf.
20.
The processes by which endophytic fungi alter plant physiology and molecular mechanisms behind endophyte-mediated plant defense has been an increasing focus of research over the past ten years.
