HBV-preS-specific receptors are expressed primarily on hepatocytes; however, viral DNA and proteins have also been detected in extrahepatic sites, suggesting that cellular receptors for HBV may also exist on extrahepatic cells.
12.
HBV-preS-specific receptors are expressed primarily on hepatocytes; however, viral DNA and proteins have also been detected in extrahepatic sites, suggesting that cellular receptors for HBV may also exist on extrahepatic cells.
13.
Discrete localized enlargements of normal structures ( ureters, blood vessels, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts, pulmonary inclusions, or gastrointestinal duplications ) due to outflow obstructions or narrowings, or abnormal connections, may also present as a tumor.
14.
The catechol estrogens are formed from estradiol and estrone by cytochrome P450 enzymes predominantly in the liver but also in extrahepatic tissues, and are reactive quinones and semiquinones, and this has been hypothesized to contribute to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis.
15.
Project supervisor Wong, 36, will donate part of his liver to his daughter whose abdomen is distended due to fluid accumulation as a result of the congenital condition called " extrahepatic biliary atresia " where the bile duct that drains bile from the liver to the intestines does not exist.
16.
Whereas 4-hydroxylation constitutes the minor pathway in the liver, the greater proportion of CYP1B1 expression in extrahepatic tissues shifts the balance in favor of 4-OH-E 2 formation . 4-OH-E 2 is thought to be the most carcinogenic of all the estradiol metabolites, especially considering that CYP1B1 exhibits overexpression in breast cancer tumors.
17.
The shunts found mainly in small dog breeds such as Shih Tzus, Tibetan Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers, and in cats such as Himalayans, and mixed breeds are usually extrahepatic ( outside the liver ), while the shunts found in large dog breeds such as Irish Wolfhounds and Labrador Retrievers tend to be intrahepatic ( inside the liver ).
18.
Two of the immediate metabolites of testosterone, 5?-DHT and estradiol, are biologically important and can be formed both in the liver and in extrahepatic tissues . 5?-Reductase is highly expressed in the male reproductive organs ( including the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and epididymides ), skin, hair follicles, and brain and aromatase is highly expressed in adipose tissue, bone, and the brain.
19.
There are a number of staging classifications for HCC available however due to the unique nature of the carcinoma in order to fully encompass all the features that affect the categorization of the HCC, a classification system should incorporate; tumor size and number, presence of vascular invasion and extrahepatic spread, liver function ( levels of serum bilirubin and albumin, presence of ascites and portal hypertension ) and general health status of the patient ( defined by the ECOG classification and the presence of symptoms ).
