The ion concentration n _ i in the ion flow at the Faraday cup vicinity can be calculated by the formula
12.
Similarly, a Faraday cup can act as a collector for electrons in a vacuum ( for instance from an electron beam ).
13.
Its Faraday cups have collected data on plasma throughout the solar system : near Earth on Heliosheath on Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.
14.
In a " multicollector " instrument, the ion collector typically has an array of Faraday cups, which allows the simultaneous detection of multiple isotopes.
15.
The I-V curves can be recorded by using a camera connected to computer controlled data handling or by direct measurement with a movable Faraday cup.
16.
Thus, a measured current of one nanoamp ( 10 " 9 A ) corresponds to about 6 billion ions striking the faraday cup each second.
17.
The Faraday cup consists of a shielded cup with an aperture, which collects the kinetically active electrons or ions, and an output wire, which is connected to an nanocoulombmeter.
18.
A current integrator is also used to measure the electric charge on a Faraday cup in a residual gas analyzer to measure partial pressures of gasses in a vacuum.
19.
This assembly allows the secondary ions to be focused based on their kinetic energy and mass-charge ratio in order to be accurately collected using a series of Faraday cups.
20.
To measure the number of electrons that were scattered at different angles, a faraday cup electron detector that could be moved on an arc path about the crystal was used.
