| 11. | To force this alternative emission to occur, an incident photon must strike the fluorophore.
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| 12. | Unfortunately, this high intensity laser can lead to the issue of photobleaching the fluorophore.
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| 13. | Optical fluorescent DO sensors use a light source, a fluorophore and an optical detector.
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| 14. | The fluorophore is immersed in the sample.
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| 15. | One particularly powerful method is the combination of antibodies coupled to a fluorophore as in immunostaining.
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| 16. | Another inner filter effect occurs because of high concentrations of absorbing molecules, including the fluorophore.
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| 17. | The resulting pMHC-streptavidin-fluorophore tetramer can be added to a sample of cells.
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| 18. | A reaction of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol in the presence of zinc chloride gives the fluorophore Fluorescein.
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| 19. | When these two parts meet, they form a fluorophore on a timescale of minutes or hours.
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| 20. | Similarly, a fluorophore can be attached instead for fluorescent labelling, or an antigen for immunodetection.
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