| 11. | It is common for copper prices to be in backwardation-- that is, when spot prices exceed forward prices.
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| 12. | In New York, the three-month forward price of gold bullion fell US $ 1.30 to US $ 313.20.
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| 13. | Forward pricing is the most common.
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| 14. | To prevent the exploitation of backward pricing, the SEC issued Rule 22c-1, requiring forward pricing of mutual fund transactions.
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| 15. | The term is sometimes applied to forward prices other than those of futures contracts, when analogous price patterns arise.
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| 16. | Murphy said that traders and marketers _ not independent economic analysts _ set the forward price curves for power.
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| 17. | "' Contango "'is a situation where the forward price ) of a commodity is higher than the spot price.
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| 18. | In words, the standardized moneyness is the number of standard deviations the current forward price is above the strike price.
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| 19. | Hence, a key question is whether or not the current forward price actually predicts the respective spot price in the future.
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| 20. | On the London Metal Exchange, the benchmark three-month copper forward price closed up $ 27 at $ 2, 018 a ton.
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