Venus exhibits a brightness surge near phase angle 170? when it is a thin crescent, due to forward scattering of sunlight by droplets of sulfuric acid that are above the planet's cloud tops.
12.
The light scattered from extremely small dust particles is strongly forward scattering, although the zodiacal light actually extends all the way around the sky, hence it is brightest when observing at a small angle with the Sun.
13.
The group measured the Coulomb nuclear interference scattering of ?? K?and p?on hydrogen and deuterium in two experiments at the CERN PS . The measured real parts of the forward scattering amplitudes were used in dispersion relations.
14.
According to the optical theorem, the imaginary part of a probability amplitude Im ( " M " ) of a 2-body forward scattering is related to the total cross section, up to some numerical factors.
15.
Because | M | ^ 2 for the forward scattering process is one of the terms that contributes to the total cross section, it cannot exceed the total cross section i . e . Im ( " M " ).
16.
The only part of the forward scattering hemisphere that does not receive a reflected ray is the shadow of the sphere . ( And, in Mie theory, even this isn't true due to diffraction around the edge of the sphere . )-- Fuzzyeric 13 : 17, 18 September 2006 ( UTC)
17.
In optics, the coordinate system is defined from the wave's viewpoint, known as the Forward Scattering Alignment ( FSA ), and gives rise to a regular eigenvalue equation, whereas in radar, the coordinate system is defined from the radar's viewpoint, known as the Back Scattering Alignment ( BSA ), and gives rise to a coneigenvalue equation.
18.
The above effects can be approximated by a simple two-gaussian model where a perfect point-like electron beam is broadened to a superposition of a Gaussian with a width \ alpha of a few nanometers to order tens of nanometers, depending on the acceleration voltage, due to forward scattering and a Gaussian with a width \ beta of the order of a few micrometers to order tens due to backscattering, again depending on the acceleration voltage but also on the materials involved:
