With the Fresnel diffraction lens and atomic mirrors and especially ridged mirrors have provided the tools necessary for the creation of atomic holograms, although such holograms have not yet been commercialized.
12.
According to Fresnel Diffraction theory a convex lens of focal length f will produce the exact Fourier transform at a distance f behind the lens of an object placed f distance in front of the lens.
13.
Two types of diffraction are distinguished, depending upon the separation between the source and the screen : Fraunhofer diffraction or far-field diffraction at large separations and Fresnel diffraction or near-field diffraction at close separations.
14.
Analytical solutions are not possible for most configurations, but the Fresnel diffraction equation and Fraunhofer diffraction equation, which are approximations of Kirchhoff's formula for the far field, can be applied to a very wide range of optical systems.
15.
Any sharp edge ( such as the edge of an occulting disk or optical aperture ) causes Fresnel diffraction of incoming light around the edge, which means that the smaller instruments that one would want on a satellite unavoidably leak more light than larger ones would.
16.
The "'XTI "'technique is based on the Talbot effect or " self-imaging phenomenon ", which is a Fresnel diffraction effect and leads to repetition of a periodic wavefront after a certain propagation distance, called the " Talbot length ".
17.
In the region of near-field diffraction ( or Fresnel diffraction ), the pinhole focuses the light slightly, and the resolution limit is minimized when the focal length " f " ( the distance between the pinhole and the film plane ) is given by " f " = " s " 2 / ?.
18.
The unambiguous determination of the phase of the wave front ( phase retrieval ) can be realized by recording several images at different detector-sample distances and using algorithms based on the linearization of the Fresnel diffraction integral to reconstruct the phase distribution, but this approach suffers from amplified noise for low spatial frequencies and thus slowly varying components may not be accurately recovered.
