Functional load of tone is high in the lexicon ( minimal pairs ) as well as in the grammar ( tenses marked by tone ).
12.
This might be because in tone languages the tone melody carries more of the functional load of communication while non-tonal phonology carries proportionally less.
13.
Ultimate failure of repair mechanisms due to persistent and repeated ischaemic events is manifested as trabecular fractures that occur in the dead bone under functional load.
14.
It does not have a high functional load generally, although in some languages tone is all that indicates different aspects and distinguishes affirmative from negative verbs.
15.
:: For those who know more linguistics, this kind of logic is deployed by Andre Martinet in his Functional load hypothesis to explain phonological neutralisation in diachronic linguistics.
16.
Functional load implies-although admittedly not in the original form put forward by Martinet-that language change is principally motivated by communicative needs under conditions of varying noise.
17.
However, although voicing is generally important in English, the voicing difference between the two fricatives written ?th?,, has a very low functional load : it is difficult to find meaningful distinctions dependent solely on this difference.
18.
Offshore structures are subject to the motion of the vessel, the functional loads from the riser, the weight of the riser, internal pressure, seismic loads, external pressure, waves, current, weight of the buoyancy modules, etc.
19.
:: : : Functional load is the only hypothesis I know of that actually tries to address the source of internal, unpredictable language changes like in Cantonese, where no contact situation seems to offer a plausible explanation and the sociolinguistic variables tend, if anything, to weigh against the change.
20.
Western Khmer is still between stages four and five; / b / and / d / are present, but many vowels have not diphthongized or are in the early stages of diphthongization ( i . e . still consist of a monophthong plus a slight glide ) and the breathy versus clear phonation contrast is still prominent in most vowels although it is displaying an increasingly lower functional load.
