Horvat's research interests chiefly deal with the adjustment computations of geodetic networks, general as well as geodetic cartography, ellipsoid geometry, and the development of feasible methods for automatic computation.
12.
In the late 19th century, Austria-Hungary established a geodetic network, for which the elevation benchmark was determined by the Adriatic Sea's average level at the Sartorio pier in Trieste.
13.
The " true zenith " is observed astronomically with respect to the stars, and the " ellipsoidal zenith " ( theoretical vertical ) by geodetic network computation, which always takes place on a reference ellipsoid.
14.
The value of " ? " is the " astronomic " latitude minus the " geodetic " latitude ( taking north latitudes to be positive and south latitudes to be negative ); the latter is usually calculated by geodetic network coordinates.
15.
It was not until 1906 that the Luzon Datum was extended to outlying islands to tie local systems based on nineteen separate astronomical stations with eventual establishment of the datum in 1911 with " Pathfinder " continuing development of the geodetic network into the late 1930s.
16.
GPS measurements designed for geodetic network consists of the vertices Pico Bol�var, El Toro, Piedras Blancas, and Mucu�uque Observatory, the latter belonging to the Venezuelan Red Geocentric REGVEN . Measurements were temporally equally long and continuous to ensure a greater volume of data over time to make more consistent and reliable information, five ( 5 ) GPS dual frequency receivers were used.
