| 11. | After the spores land on the plant surface, one to several germ tubes are produced.
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| 12. | The germ tubes aggregate and penetrate the plant via the stomata or cracks in the leaf surface.
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| 13. | There then follows elongation of the germ tubes, whose apical section later differentiates into an appressorium.
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| 14. | If weather conditions are favorable, such as warm temperatures, sporangia infect directly via germ tubes.
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| 15. | In water, chlamydospores germinate by producing short germ tubes, each with a sporangium at the tip.
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| 16. | The germ tube begins branching, leading to as many as three potentially conidia-forming germ tubes.
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| 17. | The germ tube begins branching, leading to as many as three potentially conidia-forming germ tubes.
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| 18. | Once zoospores reach the root or seed, they encyst, germinate, and infect via a germ tube.
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| 19. | Appressorium formation begins when the tip of the germ tube ceases polar growth, hooks, and begins to swell.
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| 20. | They are carried by wind to the cereal host where they germinate and the germ tubes penetrate into the plant.
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