The size distribution of ice crystals changes with depth and approaches the Normal Grain Growth law via competing mechanisms of fragmentation ( producing smaller polygonal grains ) and grain boundary diffusion ( producing larger, vertically compressed, horizontally expanded grains ).
12.
Where A is a constant based on the cross-sectional area of the interconnect, J is the current density, Ea is the activation energy ( e . g . 0.7 eV for grain boundary diffusion in aluminum ), k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature and n is a scaling factor ( usually set to 2 according to Black ).
13.
Here A is a constant based on the cross-sectional area of the interconnect, J is the current density, E _ a is the activation energy ( e . g . 0.7 eV for grain boundary diffusion in aluminum ), k is the Boltzmann's constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin and n a scaling factor ( usually set to 2 according to Black ).
