The concept of a coarsely-ruled grating used at grazing angles was discovered by Albert Michelson in 1898, where he referred to it as an " echelon ".
12.
However the grazing angle reflection important for ground wave propagation, using vertical polarization, is " in phase " with the direct wave, providing a boost of up to 6 db, as is detailed below.
13.
At frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz, a large portion of the energy from a horizontally polarized antenna reflects off the ground, with almost total reflection at the grazing angles important for ground wave propagation.
14.
Although most neutrino detectors look for natural cosmic sources of neutrinos, several detectors will also study the long-range behavior of intense man-made beams of neutrinos shot by particle accelerators at a grazing angle through Earth's crust.
15.
An optimum multilayer design depends on the graze angle, so ideally a different prescription would be used on each shell of a multi-shell X-ray Wolter mirror; in practice the same prescription is used for about ten shells.
16.
However, I doubt you would do serious damage to the barrel by firing into it due to the grazing angle the bullets make with the inner wall of the barrel . ~ talk ) 21 : 53, 3 July 2008 ( UTC)
17.
On June 19 at 6 : 42 p . m ., Japanese time, a big proton accelerator at KEK fired a blast of muon neutrinos at a grazing angle into the ground along a straight line leading to both a nearby neutrino detector and the Super Kamiokande detector 155 miles away.
18.
For the approximation of a flat earth which is usual for airborne radar with short to medium range the grazing angle and the depression angle can be assumed to be equal " ? " = " ? " and the incident angle is " ? " = 180? " ? ".
19.
In a modern implementation of Lloyd's mirror, a diverging laser beam strikes a front-surface mirror at a grazing angle, so that some of the light travels directly to the screen ( blue lines in Fig . 1 ), and some of the light reflects off the mirror to the screen ( red lines ).
20.
All other common materials, even when perfectly polished, usually give not more than a few percent specular reflection, except in particular cases, such as grazing angle reflection by a lake, or the " total reflection " of a glass prism, or when structured in certain complex configurations such as the silvery skin of many fish species or the reflective surface of a dielectric mirror.
