Cells determined to be non-self are usually recognized by the immune system as foreign, causing an immune response, such as hemagglutination.
12.
However, its identity can be established by relatively stringent serologic tests such as virus neutralization ( VN ) and hemagglutination inhibition ( HI ).
13.
This is the basis of hemagglutination when viruses are mixed with blood cells, and entry of the virus into cells of the upper respiratory tract.
14.
Hemagglutination is observed in the presence of staphylococci, vibrios, and other bacterial species, similar to the mechanism viruses use to cause agglutination of erythrocytes.
15.
In 1960 Gemzell and Leif Wide presented a pregnancy test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition, a first step away from in-vivo pregnancy testing.
16.
Because of the similarity in terms of the antigenic profile between the viruses, hemagglutination assay ( HA ) or hemadsorption inhibition ( HAdI ) processes are often used.
17.
There is evidence that some VLPs elicit antibodies that recognize a broader panel of antigenically distinct viral isolates compared to other vaccines in the hemagglutination-inhibition assay ( HIA ).
18.
TPHA is an indirect hemagglutination assay used for the detection and titration of antibodies against the causative agent of syphilis, " Treponema pallidum " subspecies " pallidum ".
19.
During the incubation, antibodies bind to the viral particles, and if the concentration and binding affinity of the antibodies are high enough, the viral particles are effectively blocked from causing hemagglutination.
20.
By using a standard amount of virus, a standard amount of blood cells, and serially diluting the antiserum, one can identify the concentration of the antiserum ( the greatest dilution which inhibits hemagglutination ).
