Associated conditions include heterotaxy syndrome, intestinal malrotation, situs inversus, biliary atresia, and several cardiac malformations.
12.
But one time in 10, 000, in a condition known as heterotaxy, the embryo never distinguishes left from right.
13.
Mutations in this gene are associated with visceral heterotaxy-6, which implicates this gene in determination of left-right asymmetric patterning.
14.
Complete reversal of all organs is known as situs inversus, while reversal of some organs but not others is called situs ambiguus or heterotaxy.
15.
Although heterotaxy will never be cured, he said, a number of treatments can be developed if the genetic causes of the disorder are better understood.
16.
Mutation of ZIC3 is also associated with various heart defects, such as heart looping, however these are thought to represent a mild form of heterotaxy.
17.
Heterotaxy syndrome with atrial isomerism occurs in 1 out of every 10, 000 live births and is associated with approximately 3 % of congenital heart disease cases.
18.
Individuals with situs inversus or situs solitus do not experience fatal dysfunction of their organ systems, as general anatomy and clinically considered to have a form of heterotaxy syndrome.
19.
This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients with Down syndrome ( trisomy 21 ) or heterotaxy syndromes . 45 % of children with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease.
20.
However, genetic testing in family members that display atrial isomerism or other cardiac malformations may help to discern risk for additional family members, especially in X-linked causes of heterotaxy syndrome.
