They are manufactured by hydrothermal synthesis of sodium aluminosilicate or another silica source in an autoclave followed by ion exchange with certain cations ( Na +, Li +, Ca 2 +, K +, NH 4 + ).
12.
Since the hydrothermal synthesis can be conducted in a low temperature environment under 100 �C in addition to vertical and crystalline growth, these materials can be integrated in various substrates with reduced concern for its physical characteristics such as a melting temperature.
13.
Presently, professor Y . Gogotsi leads a scientific research group that developes new nanostructured carbon materials ( nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamonds, carbide-derived carbon, onion-like carbon ) and works on the hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanostructures and ceramics.
14.
Among various piezoelectric materials studied for the nanogenerator, many of the researches have been focused on the materials with wurtzite structure such as ZnO, CdS and GaN . The greatest advantage of theses material arises from the facile and cost-effective fabrication technique, hydrothermal synthesis.
15.
Similar to lithium oxides, may be synthesized by the a variety of methods, including : solid-phase synthesis, emulsion drying, sol-gel process, solution coprecipitation, vapor phase deposition, electrochemical synthesis, electron beam irradiation, microwave process, hydrothermal synthesis, ultrasonic pyrolysis and spray pyrolysis . example, in the emulsion drying process, the emulsifier is first mixed with kerosene.
