The acting chlorinating agent in this reaction is hypochlorous acid ( HOCl ), which has to be generated by protonation of hypochlorite, and then reacts in a nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxo against the amino group.
12.
Formation of a metal oxide involves connecting the metal centers with oxo ( M-O-M ) or hydroxo ( M-OH-M ) bridges, therefore generating metal-oxo or metal-hydroxo polymers in solution.
13.
Formation of a metal oxide involves connecting the metal centers with oxo ( M-O-M ) or hydroxo ( M-OH-M ) bridges, therefore generating metal-oxo or metal-hydroxo polymers in solution.
14.
Complexation of dubnium is expected to follow group 5 trends in its richness; calculations for hydroxo-chlorido-complexes have been conducted; they show reversal in the trend in the complex formation and extraction of group 5 elements, with dubnium being more prone to do so than tantalum.
15.
According to The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Chemistry, copper and copper-rich alloys used for roofs or statues oxidize slowly to yield an insoluble mixture of hydroxo-carbonate and hydroxo-sulfate Cu ( II ) salts, that is, salts containing either hydrogen, oxygen and carbon or hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
16.
According to The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Chemistry, copper and copper-rich alloys used for roofs or statues oxidize slowly to yield an insoluble mixture of hydroxo-carbonate and hydroxo-sulfate Cu ( II ) salts, that is, salts containing either hydrogen, oxygen and carbon or hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
