A number of such organisms are currently being investigated for their use as treatment including : " Trichuris suis " ova, commonly known as pig whipworm eggs; " Necator americanus ", commonly known as hookworms; " Trichuris trichiura " ova, commonly referred to as human whipworm eggs; " Hymenolepis diminuta ", commonly known as rat tapeworm cysticerci.
12.
"' Dwarf tapeworm "'( " Hymenolepis nana ", previously known as " Vampirolepis nana ", " Hymenolepis fraterna ", and " Taenia nana " ) is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes ( a type of intestinal worm or helminth ) infecting humans, especially children.
13.
"' Dwarf tapeworm "'( " Hymenolepis nana ", previously known as " Vampirolepis nana ", " Hymenolepis fraterna ", and " Taenia nana " ) is a cosmopolitan species though most common in temperate zones, and is one of the most common cestodes ( a type of intestinal worm or helminth ) infecting humans, especially children.
14.
Similarly, " Hymenolepis nana ", " Trichoris trichiura ", " Ascaris lumbricoides ", " Strongyloides stercolaris ", " Enterobius vermicularis ", and " Trichuris suis " ova have all been found to lower the number of symptom exacerbations, reduce the number of symptom relapses, and decrease the number of new or enlarging brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis at doses ranging from 1, 180 to 9, 340 eggs per gram.
15.
While the latter four species may be considered to be mutualists-providing benefit to their host without causing longterm harm-there are other helminth species that have demonstrated therapeutic effects but which also have a potential to cause less desirable or even harmful effects and therefore do not share the ideal characteristics for a therapeutic helminth . commonly known as human giant roundworm; " Strongyloides stercoralis ", commonly known as human roundworm; " Enterobius vermicularis ", commonly known as threadworm or seatworm; and " Hymenolepis nana ", also known as dwarf tapeworm.
