Other degeneration of the vertebral column includes diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ( DISH ) which is the calcification or ossification of the ligaments surrounding the vertebrae.
12.
Thus, hookworm parasitism " may " be a causal factor in observed cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis, though dietary factors may also lead to anemia.
13.
The development of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis could also be attributed to other causes besides an iron deficiency in the diet, such as nutrients lost to intestinal parasites.
14.
This condition was widely accepted as a result of anemia, which is typically due to an hemolytic and megaloblastic anemia are the most likely proximate causes of porotic hyperostosis.
15.
There are many similarities between Type 2 CED and hyperostosis generalisata with striations of the bones ( HGS ), with some speculating they are two phenotypic variations of the same disease.
16.
For example, hookworm ( " Ancyslostoma duodenale " ) parasitism may lead to anemia, and anemia is one factor associated with the skeletal changes of cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis.
17.
Fossil teeth of a possible tetraodontid ( referred to as " " Pekinosaurus hyperostosis " " ) have been found in the Triassic Pekin Formation of North Carolina, possibly extending their range.
18.
Since then, a number of associations between skin conditions and osteoarticular disorders have been reported under a variety of names, including sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis, pustulotic arthro-osteitis, and acne-associated spondyloarthropathy.
19.
The term SAPHO ( synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis ) was coined in 1987 to represent this spectrum of inflammatory bone disorders that may or may not be associated with dermatologic pathology.
20.
The most recent review of the species complex by Smith-Vaniz and Carpenter treated the fish as separate species, citing differences in the development of hyperostosis and differing anal fin colours as evidence of species status.
