Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to autonomous, abnormal hypersecretion of PTH from the parathyroid gland, while secondary hyperparathyroidism is an appropriately high PTH level seen as a physiological response to hypocalcaemia.
12.
Appropriate hydration is important prior to administration, as is adequate calcium and vitamin D intake prior to Aclasta therapy in patients with preexisting hypocalcaemia, and for ten days following Aclasta in patients with Paget's disease of the bone.
13.
Jersey cattle have a greater tendency towards post-parturient hypocalcaemia ( or " milk fever " ) in dams, and tend to have frail calves that require more attentive management in cold weather than other dairy breeds due to their smaller body mass and greater relative surface area.
14.
This assessment was confirmed by the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ), whose Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use ( CHMP ) specified new contraindications for the medication on 15 December 2011, which include hypocalcaemia and severe renal impairment with a creatinine clearance of less than 35 ml / min.
15.
Many medical causes underlying the development of feather-plucking have been proposed including allergies ( contact / inhalation / food ), endoparasites, ectoparasites, skin irritation ( e . g . by toxic substances, low humidity levels ), skin desiccation, hypothyroidism, obesity, pain, reproductive disease, systemic illness ( in particular liver and renal disease ), hypocalcaemia, psittacine beak and feather disease ( PBFD ), proventricular dilatation syndrome, colic, giardiasis, psittacosis, airsacculitis, heavy metal toxicosis, bacterial or fungal folliculitis, genetic feather abnormalities, nutritional deficiencies ( in particular vitamin A ) and / or dietary imbalances, and neoplasia.
