In 1936, Arthur J . Patek and Clark W . Heath of Harvard Medical School concluded that chlorosis was identical to hypochromic anemia.
12.
Symptoms include megalocephaly, external ear deformities, dental caries, micromelia, hypoplastic bone deformities, hypogonadism, hypochromic anemia with occasional tumors, and mental retardation.
13.
With more severe iron-deficiency anemia, the peripheral blood smear may show hypochromic pencil-shaped cells, and occasionally small numbers of nucleated red blood cells.
14.
The normochromic cells have a normal concentration of haemoglobin, and are therefore'red enough'while the hypochromic cells do not; thus the value of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.
15.
As absence of iron decreases heme synthesis, red blood cells in iron deficiency anemia are " hypochromic " ( lacking the red hemoglobin pigment ) and " microcytic " ( smaller than normal ).
16.
The blood smear of a person with iron deficiency shows many hypochromic ( pale and relatively colorless ) and rather small RBCs, and may also show poikilocytosis ( variation in shape ) and anisocytosis ( variation in size ).
17.
However, when the protein was ablated in murine models, both intestine-specific and whole-body hephaestin knockout ( KO ) strains exhibited similarly severe accumulation of iron in the duodenal enterocytes and suffered from microcytic, hypochromic anemia, indicative of systemic iron deficiency.
18.
In 1841, Popper published a treatment for Chlorosis ( Hypochromic anemia ) containing " Vitriolum martis " ( sulfuric acid and iron ) and " Sal tartari " ( potassium carbonate ) in " �sterreichische medicinische Wochenschrift " which was republished and refined in the following years.
19.
Hypochromic anemia was historically known as "'chlorosis "'or "'green sickness "'for the distinct skin tinge sometimes present in patients, in addition to more general symptoms such as a lack of energy, shortness of breath, dyspepsia, headaches, a capricious or scanty appetite and amenorrhea.
