In 1944, he described a congenital endocrine condition ( hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia ) that has come to be known as Kallmann's syndrome.
12.
Mutations in the " PROK2 " ( also known as " KAL4 " ) gene have been implicated in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gynecomastia.
13.
Mutations in the " PROKR2 " ( also known as " KAL3 " ) gene have been implicated in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gynecomastia.
14.
The prevalence of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( IHH ) and Kallmann syndrome ( KS ) has been estimated to be in the region of 1 in 10, 000 male births.
15.
This protein also functions as an anti-testis gene by acting antagonistically to SRY . Mutations in this gene result in both X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
16.
One possible cause of a delay in the onset of puberty past the age 14 in girls and 15 in boys is Kallmann syndrome, a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( HH ).
17.
Reversal cases have been seen in cases of both Kallmann syndrome and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but appear to be less common in cases of Kallmann syndrome where the sense of smell is also affected.
18.
One of the biggest problems in the diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome and other forms of HH is the ability to distinguish between a normal constitutional delay of puberty and Kallmann syndrome ( KS ) or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( HH ).
19.
The use of the term hypogonadotropic relates to the fact that the hypogonadism found in HH is caused by a disruption in the production of the gonadotropin hormones normally released by the anterior pituitary gland known as luteinising hormone ( LH ) and follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ).
20.
In 2011 a team led by Prof . Nelly Pitteloud and Andrew Dwyer of the University Hospital of Lausanne ( CHUV ) in Switzerland proposed the formation of a European wide research consortium funded by the European Cooperation on Science and Technology organisation ( COST ) that would provide a framework for clinicians and researchers to collaborate their research into GnRH deficiency conditions, including Kallmann syndrome and other forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
