In 1982, Kartush sought a means to place per-osseous electrodes that would electrically stimulate the inner ear hair cells without the iatrogenic injury that accompanied the standard cochlear implant technique of inserting a long electrode directly within the cochlea through the round window.
12.
If blacklisting is multiple providers systematically denying care to a certain patient or patients, in this case patients with iatrogenic injuries, it is reasonable to define it as blacklisting when 98 % of the time the first group, treatment providers, singles out members of the second group, injured patients, to prevent them from having an accurate record made of what injured them.
