With the introduction of the " IBM card " in 1928, IBM created a code capable of representing alphanumeric information, later adopted by other manufacturers.
12.
IBM used " IBM card " or, later, " punched card " at first mention in its documentation and thereafter simply " card " or " cards ".
13.
The 80-column card format dominated the industry, becoming known as just "'IBM cards "', even though other companies made cards and equipment to process them.
14.
The system was mainly used for key-to-disk operations to replace the previously popular IBM card punches and more advanced key-to-tape systems manufactured for example by Mohawk Data Sciences ( MDS ) or Singer.
15.
Old clunkers like the MITS Altair, one of the earliest commercially available personal computers, and IBM card punch machines are the foundation of the nonprofit museum, one a just a few in the country dedicated to preserving the history of computer technology.
16.
The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM . Every soldier in World War II had an " IBM Card " in his file.
17.
The third generation computer IBM 360 / 44 was the first digital computer installed in IISc in 1970 and then the late third generation computer DEC ( Digital Equipment Corporation ) 1090 replaced IBM 360 / 44 in 1979 . Both these computers as well as the CDC computer used standard 80-column IBM cards which were not only bulky but also suffered from card jam problems.
