As ice lenses grow, they lift the soil above, and segregate soil particles below, while drawing water to the freezing face of the ice lens via capillary action.
12.
As ice lenses grow, they lift the soil above, and segregate soil particles below, while drawing water to the freezing face of the ice lens via capillary action.
13.
As a result, when conditions exist for ice segregation ( ice lens formation ) water flows toward the segregated ice and freezes on the surface, thickening the segregated ice layer.
14.
The particle migrates downwards toward the warmer soil in a process that Faraday called " thermal regelation . " This effect purifies the ice lenses as they form by repelling fine soil particles.
15.
Glacially-induced spalling occurs when ice lens formation with the rocks below the glacier spall off layers of rock, providing smaller debris which is ground into the glacial basal material to become till.
16.
A key phenomenon for understanding ice segregation in soil or porous rock ( also referred to as an ice lens due to its shape ) is premelting, which is the development of a liquid film on surfaces and interfaces at temperatures significantly below their bulk melting temperature.
17.
Research suggests that the main cause is actually'frost-shrinkage'due to the freezing-out of cell well moisture into lumens of wood cells and other causes are the expansion of freezing water in cell lumens, and additionally the formation of ice lenses within wood.
18.
As this process occurs, the upper soil material gradually dries out ( because the soil moisture moves from the warm surface layer to the colder layer at the top of the permafrost ) so that it forms a granular structure with many very distinctive crystalline shapes ( such as ice lenses ).
