It is common for languages to use a reflexive marker to signal the inchoative member of an alternating pair of verbs.
12.
In eastern Karelian dialects the exessive case ( "-nta " ) is found; it specifically refers to inchoative changes.
13.
Passive voice has no perfect and no inchoative tenses, because similar semantic relationships can be expressed by the present / past passive participle dichotomy.
14.
A range of Zulu verbs indicate a change of state or a process, which tends towards some final goal ( cf . inchoative verbs ).
15.
Inchoative verbs are intransitive, meaning that they occur without a direct object, and these verbs express that their subject has undergone a certain change of state.
16.
The opposite is true as well : a different tense ( like an inchoative or perfect tense ) of an otherwise imperfective verb automatically grants a perfective meaning.
17.
Possibilities include reflexive, inchoative, reversive, intensifier, and distributive morphemes, instrumental, causative, or dative case markers, and also incorporated noun stems.
18.
In many Indo-European languages, causative alternation regularly involves the use of a reflexive pronoun, clitic, or affix in the inchoative use of the verb.
19.
Specifically, that only unmarked inchoative verbs allow an unintentional causer reading ( meaning that they can take on an " " x unintentionally caused y " " reading ).
20.
Not only is it deponent, but the present stem includes the inchoative suffix "-( a ) sco-", absent from the supine and past participle.
