| 11. | Animals may increase their inclusive fitness through kin selection.
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| 12. | With this system, breeders gain an increased reproductive, while helpers gain an increased inclusive fitness.
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| 13. | In 1964, William D . Hamilton proposed inclusive fitness theory, emphasizing a gene-centered view of evolution.
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| 14. | Inclusive fitness theory takes the form of an proximate mechanism governing the expression of social behaviors.
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| 15. | One mechanism of inclusive fitness is kin selection.
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| 16. | Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where " kin " ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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| 17. | Group augmentation is favored if the grouping provides passive benefits for helpers in addition to inclusive fitness.
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| 18. | Family investment in offspring among black South African households also appears consistent with an inclusive fitness model.
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| 19. | In addition, by passing on longevity to her sons, a female would stand to gain inclusive fitness.
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| 20. | The source of the confusion can be traced to discussions in Hamilton's early papers on inclusive fitness.
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