| 11. | The Gauss Bonnet integrand is the Euler class.
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| 12. | It is most efficient when the peaks of the integrand are well-localized.
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| 13. | In the limit, the integrand becomes a constant, so that integration is trivial
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| 14. | By the fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations, the integrand must vanish identically:
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| 15. | Manipulating this will give you the integrand.
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| 16. | To simplify the calculations, one first takes the variation of the square of the integrand.
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| 17. | The integral in this solution simplifies considerably when certain special cases of the integrand are considered.
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| 18. | Shouldn't the " c " from the integrand return in the result?
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| 19. | In Clenshaw Curtis quadrature, the integrand is approximated by expanding it in terms of Chebyshev polynomials.
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| 20. | This connection can be seen by Wick rotating the integrand in the exponential of the path integral.
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