Most heart surgeons now use the internal mammary arteries, which course beneath the breastbone, because they tend to last much longer than vein grafts and reduce the risk for a second bypass operation.
12.
But by 10 to 12 years after surgery, about half of the grafts that use veins from the leg _ and some, though probably fewer, involving the internal mammary artery _ clog up again.
13.
The bypass grafts from the internal mammary artery do not develop such problems, leading the researchers to conclude that such grafts are " a powerful surgical tool and should not be withheld from any subgroup of patients ."
14.
Though procedures vary according to different factors, surgeons in many cases then isolate one or two internal mammary arteries from beneath the breastbone and connect the cut end to a point beyond the blockage in a coronary artery.
15.
Smith said the surgical team had taken blood vessels from beneath the left and right side of Clinton's sternum, or breast bone, known as internal mammary arteries, and another from the left leg, to create the detours around the clogged arteries.
16.
A growing number of OPCAB surgeons, however, are avoiding the aorta completely, known as " anaortic " coronary bypass surgery, by taking all their grafts from sites other than the aorta ( e . g . the internal mammary arteries . ).
17.
For the third bypass, he severs one end of the nearby internal mammary artery and connects it to the heart . 6 : 40 pm Kolat is off the heart-lung machine, her own heart back at work . 7 : 40 pm It's over.
18.
Near the sternum, they cross in front of the internal mammary artery and Transversus thoracis muscle, pierce the Intercostales interni, the anterior intercostal membranes, and Pectoralis major, and supply the integument of the front of the thorax and over the mamma, forming the anterior cutaneous branches of the thorax; the branch from the second nerve unites with the anterior supraclavicular nerves of the cervical plexus.
19.
MICS CABG allows utilization of the left internal mammary artery ( IMA; aka Left internal thoracic artery, Left ITA ) to bypass the left anterior descending artery ( LAD ), which is termed as Left IMA-LAD, as a preferable anastamosis whenever indicated and technically feasible ( Loop et al . ) and has been proven to benefit in event free survival ( Acinapura et al . ).
