Fincham laboratory was among the first to demonstrate intragenic complementation through finding pseudowild progeny from " am1 " ?" am2 " crosses.
12.
About 1 / 3 of all intragenic single base pair mutations in human cancers occur in CpG dinucleotides and are the result of C to T or G to A transitions.
13.
One study showed that of an isolated group of patients with lissencephaly, 40 % resulted from an LIS1 deletion and another 25 % resulted from an intragenic mutation of the gene.
14.
It was recently found that the exceptional increase in human DUF1220 copy number was the results of intragenic domain hyper-amplification primarily involving the three-domain unit called the HLS DUF1220 triplet.
15.
In almost all species where DNA methylation is present, DNA methylation is especially enriched in the body of highly transcribed genes . and suppress the activity of intragenic transcriptional units ( cryptic promoters or transposable elements ).
16.
A prototypical eight TMS topology apparently arose by intragenic duplication of a four transmembrane segment ( TMS ) unit, and possibly, a two TMS ?-helical hairpin structure was the precursor of the 4 TMS repeat unit.
17.
Such vectors have bacterial or viral elements which may be transferred to the non-bacterial host organism, however other vectors termed intragenic vectors have also been developed to avoid the transfer of any genetic material from an alien species.
18.
"The notion of the cistron [ . . . ] must be replaced by that of a transcription unit containing regions which will be lost from the mature messenger-which I suggest we call introns ( for intragenic regions )-alternating with regions which will be expressed-exons . " ( Gilbert 1978)
19.
Visual rhodopsins are recognized members of the large and diverse family of TMS ) or 8-TMS proteins arose by intragenic duplication of a gene encoding a 4-TMS protein, sometimes followed by loss of an N-terminal TMS . Subsequently, the TSUP, GPCR and microbial rhodopsin families were shown to be related to each other and to six other recognized transport protein families.
20.
The opinion was, that while " the frequency of unintended changes may differ between breeding techniques and their occurrence cannot be predicted and needs to be assessed case by case, " " similar hazards can be associated with cisgenic and conventionally bred plants, while novel hazards can be associated with intragenic and transgenic plants . " In other words, cisgenic genetic engineering approaches should be considered similar in risk to conventional breeding approaches, each of which are less risky than transgenic approaches.
