| 11. | Molecular ion beam deposition employs electrospray ionization or MALDI sources.
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| 12. | The current of each ion beam is then measured using a'Faraday cup'or multiplier detector.
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| 13. | Ion beam technology first was used in the manufacture of silicon chips for microcircuitry.
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| 14. | The ion beam can be focused to a small spot of the target that way.
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| 15. | Duoplasmatrons are used for secondary ion mass spectrometry ., ion beam etching, and high-energy physics.
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| 16. | It is also used in modelling cluster ion beams.
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| 17. | But an ion beam in a vacuum is also very much a flow of electricity.
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| 18. | The wafer is then placed in a vacuum chamber, and exposed to the ion beam.
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| 19. | These ion sources are particularly used in ion implantation or in focused ion beam instruments.
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| 20. | An alternative ion beam sculpting technique has been developed using a commercially available FIB system.
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