| 11. | At this time, the ionization coefficients have their maximum values.
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| 12. | Excited-state ionization energies can be measured by photoelectron spectroscopy.
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| 13. | Ionization of an air gap requires voltage in the kV range.
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| 14. | The process presented in the above equation is called Penning ionization.
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| 15. | EDELWEISS detectors measure the ionization produced in a semiconducting germanium crystal.
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| 16. | This ionization of the atoms would make the intergalactic gas largely invisible.
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| 17. | The balance between these two processes determines the quantity of ionization present.
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| 18. | There are also mechanisms that disturb the ionosphere and decrease the ionization.
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| 19. | Ionization energies are linked approximately to orbital energies by Koopmans'theorem.
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| 20. | Self-ionization must also be considered when concentrations are extremely low.
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