| 11. | An isolated system has a fixed total energy and mass.
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| 12. | The study of equilibrium ensembles of isolated systems is the focus of statistical thermodynamics.
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| 13. | It is important to note that isolated systems are not equivalent to closed systems.
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| 14. | In an isolated system, thermodynamic equilibrium by definition persists over an indefinitely long time.
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| 15. | Truly perfectly isolated systems do not occur in nature, and always are artificially prepared.
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| 16. | For isolated systems, an adiabatic change allows no heat to flow in or out.
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| 17. | For isolated systems the first four equations are the familiar conservation equations in physics.
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| 18. | Momentum conservation is always true for an isolated system not subject to resultant forces.
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| 19. | That is, we are dealing with an isolated system.
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| 20. | In particular, some writers use'closed system'where'isolated system'is here used.
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