| 11. | This section rapidly heats by Joule heating, and the increase in temperature quenches adjacent regions.
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| 12. | This equation however neglects Joule heating, and ordinary thermal conductivity ( see full equations below ).
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| 13. | Thus the Joule heating amplifies a change in temperature, an effect known as positive electrothermal feedback.
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| 14. | The current flowing through the resistance of the metal heats it by Joule heating, causing significant power losses.
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| 15. | This is known as negative electrothermal feedback, as the change in Joule heating opposes the change in temperature.
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| 16. | There is an intimate relationship between Johnson Nyquist noise and Joule heating, explained by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
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| 17. | Joule heating frequency is kept well above 20 kHz to avoid feedback response and to separate topological and thermal effects.
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| 18. | This Joule heating reduces efficiency of iron-core transformers and electric motors and other devices that use changing magnetic fields.
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| 19. | Further, application of strong electric fields leads to resistive heating ( Joule heating ) of the buffer in the capillary.
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| 20. | The deflection signals are caused not only by sample topography, but also by the thermal expansion caused by Joule heating.
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