The energy required to break these bonds for one mole of an ionic solid under standard conditions is the lattice energy.
12.
If the hydration energy is equal to or greater than the lattice energy, then the salt is water-soluble.
13.
These second order Madelung constants turned out to have significant effects on the lattice energy and other physical properties of heteropolar crystals.
14.
This energy is easily offset by the lattice energy of sodium chloride : " 787.3 kJ mol " 1.
15.
Instead, the lattice energy is calculated by subtracting the other four energies in the Born Haber cycle from the net enthalpy of formation.
16.
Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid.
17.
Born Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy ( or more precisely enthalpy ), which cannot otherwise be measured directly.
18.
The net enthalpy of formation and the first four of the five energies can be determined experimentally, but the lattice energy cannot be measured directly.
19.
In salts for which the hydration energy is higher than the lattice energy, solvation occurs with a release of energy in the form of heat.
20.
Most compounds include covalent and ionic contributions to chemical bonding and to the lattice energy, which is represented by an extended Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle.
