Where r _ i is the radius of the inner ring of the liquid film pulled and r _ a is the radius of the outer ring of the liquid film.
12.
A "'Rollin film "', named after Bernard V . Rollin, is a 30 nm-thick liquid film of helium in the helium II state.
13.
Opposing electrostatic field and surface tension forces acting on the liquid film produce a conical shape with high radius of curvature cusp ( H " 2 ?m ) protruding from the tip.
14.
There is no liquid film in this case to resist heat transfer as a result heat transfer coefficients can be achieved more than 10 times larger than those associated with film condensation.
15.
DO means the disappearance of liquid on the heat transfer surface which properly describes the CHF condition; however, it is usually used to indicate the liquid film dryout from annular flow.
16.
For a liquid film on flat surfaces, the liquid-vapor interface keeps flat to minimize interfacial area and system meniscus flat, while the disjoining pressure makes the film conformal to the substrate.
17.
If the change in temperature is less than 5 �C, the liquid film will not be able to travel up the tubes which resulting in a drop of local heat transfer coefficient in the tube.
18.
Since gas condenses into a liquid on a surface when the pressure of the gas exceeds the equilibrium vapor pressure, P _ 0, we can assume a liquid film forms over the surface of thickness, x _ f.
19.
A key phenomenon for understanding ice segregation in soil or porous rock ( also referred to as an ice lens due to its shape ) is premelting, which is the development of a liquid film on surfaces and interfaces at temperatures significantly below their bulk melting temperature.
20.
It consisted essentially of a resonant cavity, with an aperture over which a soap-film was stretched : when the operator sang to it a note nearly in unison with the cavity, the aerial vibrations revealed themselves visibly in whirling movement of the coloured striations of the liquid film.
