An oblique reference to Epimenides in the context of logic appears in " The Logical Calculus " by W . E . Johnson, " Mind " ( New Series ), volume 1, number 2 ( April, 1892 ), pages 235 250.
12.
As the first one has its origins in cybernetics ( 1943-53 ) and is based on logical calculus immanent in nervous activity, the second one comes from the study of self-organized systems ( 1958 ), focuses on embodiment and can be refined in three subcategorizes : Connectionist, Dynamical, and Enactive.
13.
Term logic began to decline in Europe during the Renaissance, when logicians like Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius ( 1444-1485 ) and Leibniz created a distinctive logical calculus, but nearly all of his work on logic remained unpublished and unremarked until Louis Couturat went through the Leibniz " Nachlass " around 1900, publishing his pioneering studies in logic.
14.
The study and mathematical modelling of regulatory processes became a continuing research effort and two key articles were published in 1943 : " Behavior, Purpose and Teleology " by Arturo Rosenblueth, Norbert Wiener, and Julian Bigelow; and the paper " A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity " by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts.
15.
Later, as an astronomer at Kazan University, following the advice of his older colleague Professor of Mathematics A . V . Vasiliev at Kazan University ( father of Nicolai A . Vasiliev ) to learn the works of George Boole, Poretsky developed " logical calculus " and through specific " logical equations " applied it to the theory of probability.
16.
In this quote the reader may observe a shift in terminology : nowhere is mentioned the notion of " propositional function ", but rather one sees the words " formula ", " predicate calculus ", " predicate ", and " logical calculus . " This shift in terminology is discussed more in the section that covers " function " in contemporary set theory.
