| 11. | For instance, most Dravidian languages have 5 short and 5 long vowels.
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| 12. | Stressed long vowels do not appear to have perceptible variation in duration.
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| 13. | There is also a tendency to shorten long vowels before these finals.
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| 14. | Moreover, the long vowel sound in a word should not be omitted.
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| 15. | Long vowels are usually the result of the elision of guttural consonants.
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| 16. | In certain dialects, some of the long vowels are actually diphthongs.
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| 17. | Long vowels and consonants do occur and may have phonemic value.
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| 18. | On average, long vowels are 95 ms longer than short vowels.
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| 19. | Long vowels are sometimes written with double letters, but not consistently.
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| 20. | Words with long vowels come directly after those with short vowels.
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