The calculation of the sinuosity is valid in a 3-dimensional space ( e . g . for the central axis of the small intestine ), although it is often performed in a plane ( with then a possible orthogonal projection of the curve in the selected plan; " classic " sinuosity on the horizontal plane, longitudinal profile sinuosity on the vertical plane ).
12.
In its upper reaches the river flows down a very steep slope ( 10-15?) over the deposits of a moraine overgrown with some vegetation and forms a deep ( as much as 70 m ) canyon; then, in front of the terminal vegetation-free moraine of the Pal'gov glacier, its longitudinal profile flattens out abruptly _ Here the river forms numerous branches over an outwash plain.
