At frequencies other than 1 kHz, the loudness level in phons is calibrated according to the frequency response of human hearing, via a set of equal-loudness contours, and then the loudness level in phons is mapped to loudness in sones via the same power law.
12.
At frequencies other than 1 kHz, the loudness level in phons is calibrated according to the frequency response of human hearing, via a set of equal-loudness contours, and then the loudness level in phons is mapped to loudness in sones via the same power law.
13.
This analysis has been challenged on the basis that the LRA was designed for assessing loudness variation within a track while the EBU R128 Peak to Loudness Ratio ( PLR ) is a measure of the peak level of a track relative to a reference loudness level.
14.
A " Scientific Reports " study that examined over 464, 000 recordings of popular music recorded between 1955 and 2010 found less variety in pitch progressions, growing average loudness levels, less diverse instrumentation and recording techniques, and less timbral variety, which declined after reaching a peak in the 1960s.
15.
However, because of the limitations of the vinyl format, loudness and compression on a released recording were restricted to make the physical medium playable restrictions that do not exist on digital media such as CDs and as a result, increasing loudness levels never reached the significance that they have in the CD era.
