| 11. | Some studies support the view that supplemental lutein and / or zeaxanthin help protect against AMD.
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| 12. | The functional difference between lutein ( free form ) and lutein esters is not entirely known.
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| 13. | The functional difference between lutein ( free form ) and lutein esters is not entirely known.
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| 14. | It is suggested that the bioavailability is lower for lutein esters, but much debate continues.
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| 15. | Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers.
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| 16. | Lutein may help prevent cataracts through its ability to absorb damaging ultraviolet light, blocking oxidative damage.
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| 17. | *Sauerkraut is high in the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, both associated with preserving ocular health.
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| 18. | Rarely, when the theca-lutein cysts are stimulated by gonadotropins, massive ascites can result.
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| 19. | It was recommended to replace beta-carotene with lutein and zeaxanthin in future formulations for these reasons.
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| 20. | There is only one published clinical intervention trial testing for an effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cataracts.
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